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1.
Title (Maximum 120 Characters)
Precise and informative. Should clearly reflect the organism/system studied, the experimental or analytical approach, and the key finding where possible. Avoid general statements and introductory phrases such as "A study on…" or "Investigation into…".
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2.
Author Name, Complete Affiliation & Email Address
First name and last name only — no titles or salutations. Include department, institution, city, and country. Identify the Corresponding Author (*) and list any ORCID identifiers. All authors must meet standard authorship criteria (ICMJE guidelines recommended).
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3.
Structured Abstract (Maximum 250 Words)
Organised under five sub-headings: Background (context and rationale), Objectives (specific aims or hypotheses), Methods (key experimental or analytical approach), Results (principal quantitative findings), and Conclusions (significance and implications). Avoid citations, abbreviations, and vague statements such as "results will be discussed".
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4.
Keywords (3 – 5 Keywords)
Use standard scientific terminology and, where applicable, follow recognised nomenclature systems (e.g., MeSH for biomedical terms, ChEBI for chemical entities). Keywords should maximise database discoverability and reflect both the subject and methodology.
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5.
Introduction
Provide essential scientific background to the research problem. Identify the specific knowledge gap or unanswered question that motivates the study. State the objectives, hypotheses, or research questions explicitly at the close of the Introduction. Typically 500–800 words; do not include results or conclusions here.
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6.
Materials & Methods
Describe all experimental procedures, instruments, reagents, biological materials, field conditions, computational tools, and statistical analyses in sufficient detail to allow independent replication. Include supplier information (name, country) for key reagents. Specify ethical approvals, animal care compliance, or biosafety declarations as applicable. Sub-sections (e.g., Study Design, Data Collection, Statistical Analysis) are encouraged for complex methodologies.
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7.
Results
Present findings systematically, following the order of objectives stated in the Introduction. Use tables, figures, and graphs to support — not duplicate — the text. Report all relevant statistical outputs (see Technical Notes above). Do not interpret or discuss findings here; reserve interpretation for the Discussion section.
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8.
Discussion
Interpret the significance of your results in the context of the existing literature. Explain whether findings support or refute your initial hypotheses. Compare and contrast with previous studies, addressing discrepancies. Explicitly state the limitations of the study and assess how they may affect interpretation. Avoid repeating results.
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9.
Conclusion
Summarise the principal scientific findings concisely. State their significance for the field and potential applied implications. Do not introduce new data or arguments. The conclusion should directly address the research objectives stated in the Introduction.
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10.
Future Scope
Identify specific open questions, methodological improvements, and directions for further experimental or computational investigation arising from this work. Discuss the potential for scaling, translation, or application of the findings.
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11.
Data Availability Statement
State where the datasets supporting the conclusions of the article are available. Provide repository names, accession numbers, or DOIs (e.g., GenBank, Zenodo, Figshare, NCBI GEO). If data are available only on reasonable request, state this explicitly along with the contact details. This section is mandatory.
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12.
Acknowledgements (Optional)
List all funding sources (grant numbers), technical assistance, and institutional support. Individuals acknowledged must have given consent. Do not include acknowledgements in the manuscript during review (they may identify the authors).
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13.
References
Use Vancouver style or ACS (American Chemical Society) style — choose one and apply consistently. A minimum of 15 references, primarily from peer-reviewed journals published within the last 10 years, is recommended. All GenBank, PDB, and other database accessions cited must be publicly accessible at the time of submission.
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14.
Supplementary Materials (Optional)
Extended datasets, additional figures, detailed protocols, or derivations that support the main text but would disrupt its flow. Label as Supplementary Table S1, Supplementary Figure S1, etc. Submit as a separate file alongside the main manuscript.
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15.
Author's Short Profile (Optional)
A brief biographical note (60–100 words) for each author covering current position, institution, research specialisation, and selected publications. Attach a professional photograph (JPEG/PNG, ≥150 DPI).